Sanding operations in progress after snow removal, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkWhen the storm abates and the plows finish clearing the roadway, the surface must be made safe for all traffic. Sanding appears simple, but a high degree of judgment is necessary to determine the proper mix to apply to the road. When the surface is soft, gravel (1/2-inch maximum size) is most effective. On ice, gravel is useless, but sand provides traction. When the road cover is melting, gravel must be used because sand washes away. Calcium and sodium chloride are mixed in varying degrees with the aggregate. In cold weather, the percentage of calcium chloride is increased, and in warmer weather, calcium choloride is not needed. Obviously, sanding isn't as simple as it looks... Sand truck.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7898, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Skidder no. 1, Jake's Creek, lumbering, 1920Great Smoky Mountains National ParkOriginal Captions: Skidder No. 1, Jake's Creek. Copied from original photo by Jim Shelton. Lumbering; III-L-16980, History - Logging, Lumbering, Hewing, Sawmilling .Skidder No. 1, Jake's Creek. Copied from original photo by Jim Shelton.Lumbering, III-L-16980, History - Logging, Lumbering, Hewing, Sawmilling
Skidder, mouth of Manis Creek, 1916Great Smoky Mountains National ParkOriginal Captions: 0; Skidder Mouth of Manis Creek; III-L-17537.Skidder Mouth of Manis Creek, III-L-17537
Snow grader at work, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkAt lower elevations, where the accumulations are less. Occasionally a grader is called into duty. It can remove snow efficiently, and is effective by itself with snow berms up to about 36 inches.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7889, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Snow grader at work, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkAt lower elevations, where the accumulations are less. Occasionally a grader is called into duty. It can remove snow efficiently, and is effective by itself with snow berms up to about 36 inches.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7890, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Snow removal in progress, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkThese pictures illustrate one advantage of tandem plowing: The workhorse V-Plow, Big John, bulls back the rapidly accumulating snow berm, while a blade plow follows to remove the residue from the roadway to make it safer for normal traffic.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7882, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Snow removal operations in progress, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkIf the amount of snowfall is moderate, the plows can push the berms back sufficiently. Occasionally, after a heavy snowfall, it has been found to be economical to remove the snow with front-end loaders. This equipment is also used to remove extremely large snow berms from along the side of US-441 so that the next storm will not cripple removal operations.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7896, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Snow removal using jeep in Cherokee Orchard road, Gatlinburg, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkIn the miscellaneous areas around the shops, at Twin Creeks and Cherokee Orchard, at the Visitor Centers, and at headquarters, the jeep is invaluable because of its mobility and flexibility. Here, the snow that fell during the February 18-20 storm is being cleaned from the Cherokee Orchard road. The jeep can efficiently handle snow up to about 12 inches.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7894, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Snow removal using jeep in Cherokee Orchard road, Gatlinburg, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkIn the miscellaneous areas around the shops, at Twin Creeks and Cherokee Orchard, at the Visitor Centers, and at headquarters, the jeep is invaluable because of its mobility and flexibility. Here, the snow that fell during the February 18-20 storm is being cleaned from the Cherokee Orchard road. The jeep can efficiently handle snow up to about 12 inches.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7893, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations
Workers adjusting the angle of plow blade, Newfound Gap, TennesseeGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkThe blade angle on a blade plow must be adjusted often to accommodate various snow conditions, and to allow plowing to either side of the roadway.Snow Removal; February 1964 Monthly Report, II-R-SR-7887, Physical Facilities - Roads - Snow Removal Operations